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jujube

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The name for the lotus fruit of aniquity ( Ziziphus lotus. Cultivars of Ziziphus jujuba. Long grown for their excellent dessert fruits, make attractive deciduous specimens for warm temperate and subtropical climates, fruiting in their third or fourth year under favourable conditions (hot dry weather is required for good fruiting). Ziziphus mauritanica. Species grown for fruit need protection of the cool to intermediate glasshouse. Ziziphus jujuba. Propagate by seed, sown in gentle heat after removal of t...

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apricots

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Although the apricot s botanical name, Prunus armeniaca. Apricots are self-fertile but only if satisfactory pollination has taken place. In the absence of bees and other pollinating insects, flowers should be gently dusted with a fine brush or cotton wool around midday when conditions are dry and warm. Propagation is normally by budding but success from seed is greater than with most tree fruits, particularly with some cultivars. Apricots may be attacked by polyphagous aphids, scale insects, especial...

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cranberries

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The Americam cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon. Is not grown commercially, but quantities were picked in earlier times in northern England and in Scotland for sale in local markets. Another related species, Vaccinium vitis-idaeus. Lingon or lingberry) is grown commercially on a small scale in Europe. COWBERRY; FOXBERRY; MOUNTAIN CRANBERRY; CRANBERRY. Shrub, creeping, 10-30cm high, evergreen. Leaves 1-1.5cm, obovate to obtusely ovate, often emarginate at apex, glossy green above, lighter green...MOUNTAIN ...

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citrus

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Since the fruits of Citrus medica. The first of the genus to be introduced to the Mediterranean, had the same uses as the wood of the Sandarak tree, Callitris quadrivalvis. The ancient name of the latter wood, citrus, was transferred to the fruit of the former as Malus citrea. Three major climatic zones may be distinguished for commercial Citrus. May be grown outside in mild maritime climates with warm, south wall placement and winter protection of glass lights or matting. Citrus maxima. Are particularly...

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gooseberries

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Species (Rosaceae). Hybrids of Ribes uva-crispa. In Europe) or of Ribes hirtellum. In North America), gooseberry cultivars differ according to their parentage. European gooseberries have larger fruits and the bushes are more compact but more upright than North American species. European gooseberries are derived from Ribes uva-crispa. Has conferred resistence to American gooseberry mildew; in North America, hybrids of Ribes hirtellum. With European gooseberries are more resistant to this infection. Two-ye...

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blackberries

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Many species of Rubus. Grow wild in large areas of Europe, Asia and North America; they vary in habit, foliage, the presence or absence of prickles, fruit size, time of ripening and flavour. The designation Rubus fruticosus. Is used to include the true blackberries of Europe. In North America, dewberry is the name used for the trailing Rubus. Fruits are picked when glossy black (blackberries) or dark red (hybrid berries) and dry, with a plug. Blackberry fruits have the highest content of vitamin A am...

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crowberry

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Upon, and petros. A rock, referring to the habit; name first used by Dioscorides.) CROWBERRY. Empetraceae. Two species of low-growing, diminutive evergreen shrubs of heath-like habit. Leaves whorled, narrow. Flowers unisexual or rarely bisexual, small, solitary or clustered; sepals 3; petals 0; stamens 3; ovary 6-9-celled. Fruit edible. A glossy, succulent, globose drupe. N Temperate regions, S Andes, Falklands. Z3. Has been applied to hermaphrodite forms of Empetrum nigrum.

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elderberry

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The Latin name, perhaps from Sambuca. A versatile genus grown for its foliage, flowers and fruit, used in mixed hedges and screens, and in urban massed plantings. The berries are attractive to birds. One member of the genus, Sambucus ebulus. Is an uncommon perennial herb or subshrub, with panicles of creamy pink flowers, growing to 1m; it is suitable for use in the wider landscape since where conditions suit it can be extremely invasive. The fruit of Sambucus caerulea. Aurea and Sambucus canadensis.

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hazelnut

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Cob-nut, filbert). The genus Corylus. Hazel) includes species native to temperate regions across the northern hemisphere. Of particular importance is Corylus avellana. The cob-nut, distributed throughout Eurasia; cultivated selections are called cob-nuts. Equally important is Corylus maxima. Evidence of the widespread use of Corylus avellana. Propagation is normally by rooted suckers of chosen cultivars. Grafting on to seedlings is possible but is not normally practised: seedlings will prove variable...

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chervil

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Chervil.) Umbelliferae. Some 12 species of annual, biennial and perennial herbs. Leaves 2-3-pinnate to ternate. Umbels compound; involucre of few bracts or absent; involucel of entire bracteoles, commonly reflexed; sepals minute or absent; flowers small, white. Fruit narrow-oblong or ovoid, with ridged beak; vittae solitary. Europe, N Africa, Asia. Z7. Grow in a well-drained but moisture-retentive fertile soil in light dappled shade, with shelter from strong wind. (These conditions may be provided by...