jjcompare.org
Canada – jjcompare.org
https://jjcompare.org/category/canada
December 19, 2012. April 10, 2015. 8212; Douglas Evans, John Jay College of Criminal Justice. The Young Offenders Act was the subject of public and political criticism. Some political officials believed that the Act’s maximum three-year sentence for violent youth was too lenient, even though most of the youth placed in custody were neither violent nor serious offenders. Over three-fourths of all juveniles placed in custody following the passage of the 1984 Act were held for non-violent offenses. By the e...
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Italy – jjcompare.org
https://jjcompare.org/category/italy
April 9, 2015. April 10, 2015. 8212; Jennifer Peirce, John Jay College of Criminal Justice. In the current system, the minimum age of criminal responsibility is 14 years old. Youth between 14 to 17 years old are the responsibility of the juvenile justice system, but they can remain under the juvenile system until they are 21 years old, rather than being transferred to the adult system. A 1994 Constitutional Court ruling prohibited sentences of life without parole for minors. In John Muncie and Barry Gold...
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Colombia – jjcompare.org
https://jjcompare.org/category/colombia
April 5, 2015. April 10, 2015. 8212; Jennifer Peirce, John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Human Rights Watch (HRW). (1994). Colombia: Code for Minors. Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF) (2007). Qué es el Código de Infancia y Adolescencia? What is the Code for Childhood and Adolescence? Level of Alignment of Colombian Juvenile Justice Legislation with the Convention on the Rights of the Child.]. Jiménez Marín, D. (2009) Responsabilidad penal juvenil en Colombia: de la ideología tutela...
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England and Wales – jjcompare.org
https://jjcompare.org/category/england-and-wales
August 29, 2012. April 5, 2015. Penal reformers sought alternative sanctions that could reduce the record number of prisoners. If the government could establish options other than custody, it would enable judges to issue more community sentences, especially for low-level offenders. England and Wales established two community-based options for offenders in 2005: Suspended Sentence Orders (SSO) and Community Orders. The government initiated the Intensive Supervision and Surveillance Program (ISSP) as an al...
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India – jjcompare.org
https://jjcompare.org/category/india
April 10, 2015. April 10, 2015. 8212; Jennifer Peirce, John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Adenwalla, M. (2006). Child Protection and Juvenile Justice System for Juveniles in Conflict with the Law. Mumbai: Childline India Foundation. Ferrara, Frederico and Valentina Ferrara (2005). The Children’s Prison: Street Children and India’s Juvenile Justice System. Hartjen, C., and S. Kethineni (1996). Comparative delinquency: India and the United States. New York: Garland Publishing. Crime in India 2013. Creat...
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France – jjcompare.org
https://jjcompare.org/category/france
August 29, 2012. April 5, 2015. France has a unique system of youth justice. Until the late 1600s, parents could have their children imprisoned without justification (Blatier 1999). For the next two hundred and fifty years, there was no concrete system of youth justice and no legislation to guide the handling of youth delinquents. Juvenile crime in France has increased over the last two decades. Statistics indicate that juvenile property crime and juvenile offenses against persons increased by 36 per...
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Netherlands – jjcompare.org
https://jjcompare.org/category/netherlands
August 29, 2012. April 5, 2015. Youths under age 12 are not accountable for their criminal actions in the Netherlands. Historically, Dutch youth court judges rarely issued custodial sentences so there has been little need to reduce youth custody through the use of alternative sanctions. In recent decades, increases in juvenile crime have changed the landscape of youth justice in the Netherlands. Youth courts have a range of sentencing options available for juvenile offenders. Judges can convict witho...
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